High School Social Studies IAS Standards

Students explain that because resources are limited, people must make choices, understanding the role that supply, demand, prices, and profits play in a market economy. Key elements of the course include study of scarcity and economic reasoning, supply and demand, market structures, the role of government, national economic performance, the role of financial institutions, economic stabilization, and trade.

Define and identify each of the productive resources (i.e., natural, human, capital) and explain why each is necessary for the production of goods and services. (E)

Identify incentives and explain how they influence economic behavior and decision-making.

Explain that voluntary exchange occurs when households, businesses, and governments expect to gain.

Define scarcity, and explain how choices incur opportunity costs and trade-offs. (E)

Use a production possibilities curve to explain the concepts of choice, scarcity, opportunity cost, trade offs, unemployment, productivity, and growth.

Describe and compare the various economic systems (i.e., traditional, market, command, mixed); explain their strengths and weaknesses. (E)

Describe how clearly defined and enforced property rights are essential to a market economy.

Illustrate how investment in physical and human capital can raise productivity and future standards of living. (E)

Diagram and explain the circular flow of a market economy.

Define supply and demand, and explain the causes of the Law of Supply and the Law of Demand. (E)

Recognize that consumers ultimately determine what is produced in a market economy.

Illustrate how supply and demand determine equilibrium price and quantity.

Identify factors that cause changes in market supply and demand and how these changes affect price and quantity in a competitive market.

Describe how price elasticity of supply and price elasticity of demand send signals to buyers and sellers.

Describe how the earnings of workers are determined by a number of factors including the market value of the product produced, workers' productivity, the amount of human capital held by workers, collective bargaining, and discrimination. (E)

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various types of firms including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations.

Compare and contrast the basic characteristics of the four market structures: monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and pure competition.

Explain how competition in markets affects price and quantity. (E)

Explain how market failures may result in the underproduction of public goods and explain the role of government in addressing those failures.

Explain how markets underproduce public goods, and explain why the government has an interest in producing these public goods. (E)

Describe how the government taxes negative externalities (spillovers) and subsidizes positive externalities to resolve the inefficiencies they cause.

Describe the major revenue and expenditure categories in state and federal budgets and their respective proportions, and the challenges of achieving a balanced budget. (E)

Determine whether different types of taxes (e.g., income tax, sales tax, and Federal Income Contributions Act [FICA] tax including Social Security and Medicare) are progressive, proportional, or regressive. (E)

Define budget debt and budget deficit and distinguish between the two. Explain the effects of both on the economy. (E)

Explain measures of a country's economic performance such as gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment, and inflation.

Recognize that a country's overall level of income, employment, and prices are determined by rational spending and production decisions of households, firms, and government.

Explain the limitations of using GDP to measure economic welfare.

Identify the different causes of inflation (i.e., cost-push and demand-pull), and explain the impact of inflation on economic decisions. (E)

Explain the causes and effects of business cycles in a market economy.

Explain frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment, and analyze the impact of unemployment.

Explain the basic functions of money.

Explain the role financial institutions play among savers, borrowers, and investors. (E)

Demonstrate how banks create money through the principle of fractional reserve banking.

Describe the structure and functions of the Federal Reserve System. (E)

Explain how interest rates act as an incentive for savers and borrowers. (E)

Compare and contrast different types of financial investments. (E)

Demonstrate how supply and demand determine equilibrium price and quantity in the financial markets.

Define and explain fiscal and monetary policy. (E)

Explain the tools of fiscal and monetary policy. (E)

Analyze how the government uses fiscal policy to promote price stability, full employment, and economic growth.

Explain how the use of fiscal policy affects budget deficits or surpluses and the national debt.

Analyze how the Federal Reserve uses monetary policy to promote price stability, full employment, and economic growth. (E)

Define and explain the impact of trade barriers, such as quotas and tariffs, and analyze why countries erect them.

Compare and contrast the arguments for and against free trade.

Market Structures

Supply and Demand

Economic Stabilization

Money and the Role of Financial Institutions

Role of Government

Scarcity and Economic Reasoning

National Economic Performance

Cultural Self-Awareness

Students describe and defend the appropriate terminology including but not limited to race, ethnicity, culture, cultural practices, bias, implicit bias, and critical consciousness.

Students identify and analyze their social, ethnic, racial, and cultural identities and examine societal perceptions and behaviors related to their own identities.

Students evaluate how society's responses to different social identities lead to access and/or barriers for ethnic and racial groups in relation to various societal institutions, including but not limited to education, healthcare, government, and industry.

Cultural Histories within the United States Context and Abroad

Students investigate the origins of various ethnic and racial groups, examining the historical influence of cultural, socio-political, and socio-economic contexts on those groups.

Students explain the reasons for various racial/ethnic groups' presence in the U.S. (indigenous, voluntary, or forcible).

Students compare and contrast how circumstances of ethnic/racial groups affected their treatment and experiences (indigenous, voluntary, forcible) as a response to the dominant culture of the time.

Students examine history and the present to make predictions about what role the dominant culture plays in the loss of racial/ethnic culture and cultural identity.

Contemporary Lived Experiences and Cultural Practices

Students identify and explore current traditions, rites, and norms of an ethnic or racial group(s) and how they have or are changing over time.

Students assess how social policies and economic forces offer privilege or systematic oppressions for racial/ethnic groups related to accessing social, political, and economic opportunities.

Historical and Contemporary Contributions

Students examine historical and contemporary economic, intellectual, social, cultural and political contributions to society by ethnic or racial group(s) or an individual within a group.

Students investigate how ethnic or racial group(s) and society address systematic oppressions through social movements, local, community, national, global advocacy, and individual champions.

Use maps, timelines, and other graphic representations to identify and describe the location, distribution, and main events in the development of culture hearths in Asia, Mesoamerica, and North Africa.

Analyze agricultural hearths and exchanges of crops among regions. Evaluate the impact of agriculture on the subsequent development of cultural hearths in various regions of the world.

Identify and describe the factors that explain how the local and regional human and physical environments of selected culture hearths were modified over time in terms of such features as urban development and agricultural activities.

Differentiate between a state (country) and a nation, specifically focusing on the concepts of territorial control and self-determination of internal and foreign affairs, and analyze the relationship between nations and the states in which they lie.

Use a variety of data, such as atlases, written materials, and statistical source materials to identify countries of the world that are true nation-states, and draw conclusions about why certain regions of the world contain more nation-states than others.

Analyze the human and physical geographic forces that either bind and unite (centripetal forces) or divide (centrifugal forces) a country or countries. Predict the impact of these forces on the future of these countries, and analyze possible strategies that could be implemented to overcome the impact of centrifugal forces.

Analyze the impact of tourism on the physical and human environments of selected world regions. Predict the environmental impact of a continued growth in tourism in these regions.

Analyze global climate change forecasts for different parts of Earth and the implications of these changes for humans.

Explain the concepts of linear and exponential growth, and apply these concepts to geographical themes while analyzing the consequences of various human responses.

Evaluate the emerging trends toward reducing environmental footprints.

Map the development over time of world religions from their points of origin, and identify those that exhibit a high degree of local and/or international concentration.

Analyze and assess the rise of fundamentalist movements in the world's major religions during contemporary times (1980–present), and describe the relationships between religious fundamentalism and the secularism and modernism associated with the Western tradition.

Map and analyze the distribution of the world's human population for different time periods, noting the population characteristics and population density for specific regions.

Identify and describe the push-pull factors that resulted in the migration of human population over time, and detect changes in these factors.

Analyze the changes in population characteristics and physical and human environments that resulted from the migration of peoples within, between, and among world regions.

Give examples of and evaluate how the physical and human environments in different regions have changed over time due to significant population growth or decline.

Analyze population trends in the local community, and suggest the impact of these trends on the future of the community in relation to issues such as development, employment, health, cultural diversity, schools, political representation, and sanitation.

Analyze and assess ways that colonialism and imperialism have persisted and continue to evolve in the contemporary world.

Ask and answer geographic and historic questions about the origin and growth of towns, cities, and metropolitan areas in different regions of the world and in different time periods. Compare and contrast the factors involved in the location and growth of towns and cities for different time periods.

Describe, using a variety of texts (writing, maps, timelines, and/or other graphic representations), the worldwide trend toward urbanization and the changing function of cities. Assess the impact of factors such as locational advantages and disadvantages, changing transportation technologies, population growth, changing agricultural production, and the demands of industry on this trend.

Distinguish between violent and non-violent revolution(s). Use a variety of text (writing, maps, timelines and/or other graphic representations) to document the spread of political ideas that resulted from those revolutions to other regions of the world.

Use a variety of texts (writing, maps, timelines, and/or other graphic representations) to show the origin and spread of specific innovations. Assess the impact of these innovations on the human and physical environments of the regions to which they spread.

Map the spread of innovative art forms and scientific thought from their origins to other world regions. Analyze how the spread of these ideas influenced developments in art and science for different places and regions of the world.

Compare and contrast the impact of the Industrial Revolution on developed countries with the economic processes acting upon less developed and developing countries in the contemporary world.

Recognize that conflict and cooperation among groups of people occur for a variety of reasons, including nationalist, racial, ethnic, religious, political, economic, and resource concerns that generally involve agreements and disagreements related to territory on Earth's surface.

Analyze the physical and human factors involved in conflicts and violence related to nationalist, racial, ethnic, religious, economic, political, and/or resource issues in various parts of the world, over time. Assess the human and physical environmental consequences of the conflicts identified for study.

Prepare a variety of texts (writing, maps, timelines, and/or other graphic representations) to trace the development and geographic extent of a variety of regional and global cooperative organizations during different time periods. Describe their establishment and assess their success or lack of success, consequences for citizens, and the role of particular countries in achieving the goals the organizations were established to accomplish.

Use maps to show the location and distribution of Earth's resources, and analyze how this distribution affects trade between and among countries and regions.

Prepare graphic representations, such as maps, tables, and timelines, to describe the global movement of goods and services between and among countries and world regions over time. Analyze and assess the patterns and networks of economic interdependence or lack of interdependence.

Analyze the impact of changing global patterns of trade and commerce on the state and local community, and predict the impact of these patterns in the future.

Use maps to identify regions in the world where particular natural disasters occur frequently, and analyze how the physical and human environments have been modified over time in response to environmental threats. Assess the success of international aid to these disasters.

Identify and describe ways in which humans have used technology to modify the physical environment in order to settle areas in different world regions, and evaluate the impact of these technologies on the physical and human environments affected.

Distinguish and assess the human and physical factors associated with the spread of selected epidemics and/or pandemics over time, and propose strategies for limiting the spread of diseases.

States, Nations, and Nation-States

Trade and Commerce

Cultural Hearths

Exploration, Conquest, Imperialism, and Post Colonialism

Human and Environmental Interactions: Resources, Hazards, and Health

Innovation and Revolutions

Global Change

World Religions

Urban Growth

Sports, Recreation, and Tourism

Conflict and Cooperation

Population Characteristics, Distribution, and Migration

Nature of Politics and Government

Purposes, Principles, and Institutions of the Government of the United States

Relationship of the United States to Other Nations in World Affairs

Foundations of Government in the United States

Roles of Citizens in the United States

Students understand the nature of citizenship, politics, and governments, understanding the rights and responsibilities of citizens and how these are part of local, state, and national government. Students examine how the United States Constitution protects rights and provides the structure and functions of various levels of government. Students examine how the United States interacts with other nations as well as the government's role in world affairs will be examined.

Define civic life, political life, and private life, and describe the activities of individuals in each of these spheres.

Define the terms and explain the relationship between politics, government, and public policy.

Interpret and analyze the purposes and functions of government found in the Preamble of the United States Constitution. (E)

Compare and contrast types of government including representative democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, totalitarianism, and anarchy.

Compare and contrast unitary, confederate, and federal systems of government.

Define and provide examples of constitutionalism, rule of law, limited government, and popular sovereignty in the United States Constitution, and explain the relationship of these constitutional principles to the protection of the rights of individuals. (E)

Evaluate how the United States Constitution establishes majority rule while protecting minority rights and balances the common good with individual liberties. (E)

Summarize the colonial, revolutionary, and Founding-era experiences and events that led to the writing, ratification, and implementation of the United States Constitution (1787) and Bill of Rights (1791).

Understand the concept of compromise and evaluate its application during the Constitutional Convention.

Analyze and interpret central ideas on government, individual rights, and the common good in founding documents of the United States. (E)

Explain the history and provide examples of foundational ideas of American government embedded in the Founding-era documents, such as natural rights philosophy, social contract, popular sovereignty, constitutionalism, representative democracy, political factions, federalism, and individual rights. (E)

Explain how a shared American civic identity is based on commitment to foundational ideas in Founding-era documents and how it has changed through subsequent periods of United States history to present day.

Explain the history and provide historical and contemporary examples of fundamental principles and values of American political and civic life, including liberty, security, the common good, justice, equality, law and order, rights of individuals, diversity, popular sovereignty, and representative democracy. (E)

Analyze the United States Constitution, and explain characteristics of government in the United States, which define it as a federal, presidential, constitutional, and representative democracy.

Examine the progression of political parties and their ideologies and the broad political spectrum in the American governmental system, and analyze their functions in elections and government at national, state, and local levels of the federal system. (E)

Explain and evaluate the original purpose and role of the Electoral College and its relevance today. (E)

Explain the organization of state and local governments in Indiana and analyze how they affect the lives of citizens.

Describe the influence of the media and technology on public opinion and public policy.

Explain the constitutional principles of federalism, separation of powers, the system of checks and balances, and republican government. Provide examples of these principles in the governments of the United States and Indiana. (E)

Compare and contrast the enumerated, implied, and denied powers in both the United States Constitution and the Indiana Constitution.

Explain the relationships among branches of the United States government and Indiana government, which involve separation and sharing of powers as a means to limited government. (E)

Explain how a bill becomes law in the legislative process of the United States and the state of Indiana. (E)

Describe the procedures for amending the United States and Indiana Constitutions, and analyze why it is so difficult to amend these Constitutions.

Analyze the functions of the judicial branch of the United States and Indiana governments with emphasis on the principles of due process, judicial review, and an independent judiciary. (E)

Explain the electoral process in terms of election laws and election systems on the national, state, and local level. (E)

Analyze the election of Benjamin Harrison, Indiana's only president, his approach to the presidency, his relationship to the legislative branch, and his re-election defeat, considering the effects of party politics and public opinion.

Analyze powers the United States Constitution gives to the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government in the area of foreign affairs.

Identify and explain world issues, including political, cultural, demographic, economic, and environmental challenges that affect the United States foreign policy in specific regions of the world.

Discuss specific foreign policy issues that impact local community and state interests. (E)

Define the legal meaning of citizenship in the United States, identify the requirements for citizenship in the United States and residency in Indiana, and differentiate between the criteria used for attaining both. (E)

Analyze the roles and responsibilities of citizens in Indiana and the United States.

Identify and describe the civil and constitutional rights found in the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights, describe how they are expanded by decisions of the United States Supreme Court. Analyze and evaluate landmark cases of the Supreme Court concerning civil rights and liberties of individuals. (E)

Identify when it is constitutional for our government to limit the rights of individuals and explain the reasons why the government would want to do this. (E)

Explain and give examples of important citizen actions that can impact local, state, and federal government as individuals and members of interest groups.

Explain how citizens in the United States participate in public elections as voters and supporters of candidates for public office. (E)

Describe opportunities available to individuals to contribute to the well-being of their communities and participate responsibly in the political process at local, state, and national levels of government.

Use information from a variety of sources to describe and discuss current American political issues.

Historical Thinking

Early National Development: 1775 to 1877

The United States and World War II: 1939 to 1945

Emergence of the Modern United States: 1897 to 1920

Modern United States in Prosperity and Depression: 1920s and 1930s

Post War United States: 1945 to 1960

Development of the Industrial United States: 1870 to 1900

United States: 1980 to 2001

Post 9/11 United States

United States in Troubled Times: 1960 to 1980

Students are expected to trace and analyze chronological periods and examine the significant themes and concepts in U.S. History. Students develop historical thinking and research skills using primary and secondary sources to explore topical issues to understand the cause for changes in the nation over time.

Read key documents from the Founding Era and analyze major ideas about government, individual rights, and the general welfare embedded in these documents.

Identify and tell the significance of controversies pertaining to slavery, abolitionism, and social reform movements.

Cultivate historical thinking, including the ability to evaluate competing explanations for historical change.

Locate and analyze primary sources and secondary sources related to an event or issue of the past; discover possible limitations in various kinds of historical evidence and differing secondary opinions.

Analyze multiple, unexpected, and complex causes and effects of events in the past.

Assess competing historical interpretations of a particular historical moment, event, or change.

Develop arguments, defended with historical evidence, which explain historical change.

Explain the causes and consequences of the Industrial Revolution.

Analyze the factors associated with the development of the West and how these factors affected the lives of those who settled there, including Buffalo Soldiers, the Irish, and the Chinese. (E)

Articulate the causes and consequences of Indian wars in the West, and explain how the lives of Native Americans changed with the development of the West. (E)

Summarize the impact industrialization and immigration had on social movements of the era, including the contributions of specific individuals and groups.

Analyze the development of "separate but equal" policies culminating in the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case. Explain the historical significance of the denial of African American rights in the South and the effects of these policies in future years. (E)

Describe and assess the contribution of Indiana's only president, Benjamin Harrison, to national policies on environmental protection, business regulation, immigration, and civil rights.

Explain the debates surrounding America's entrance into global imperialism.

Explain the origins, goals, achievements, and limitations of the Progressive Movement in addressing political, economic, and social reform. (E)

Explain the constitutional significance of the following landmark decisions of the United States Supreme Court: Northern Securities Company v. United States (1904), Muller v. Oregon (1908), Schenck v. United States (1919), and Abrams v. United States (1919).

Explain the importance of social and cultural movements within the Progressive Era, including significant individuals/groups such as Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells, W.E.B. DuBois, NAACP, muckrakers, and Upton Sinclair, and including movements such as the Harlem Renaissance, Women's Suffrage, labor movements, and socialist movement. (E)

Analyze the reasons why the United States became involved in World War I. (E)

Describe the experiences of migrants from Europe, Asia, and the southern United States as they encountered and interacted with their new communities.

Identify new cultural movements of the 1920s, including the emergence of women in the public sphere and the workplace. (E)

Assess the causes of the resurgence of social movements, reform movements, and vigilante groups, including the Ku Klux Klan, the Red Scare, and Prohibition.

Identify technological developments during the 1920s and explain their impact on rural and urban Americans.

Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and its social and cultural impacts. (E)

Assess the economic impact of the Great Depression on all Americans.

Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the First New Deal, including the Works Progress Administration and the National Recovery Act.

Explain the long-term effects of the Second New Deal, including its effects on agriculture, labor, social welfare, and banking. (E)

Identify and explain key events from Versailles to Pearl Harbor that resulted in the United States' entry into World War II. (E)

Identify key leaders and events from World War II, and explain the significance of each.

Describe Hitler's "final solution" policy, and explain the Allied responses to the Holocaust and war crimes. (E)

Explain the experiences of African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and women during World War II. (E)

Summarize the efforts the national government made to regulate production, labor, and prices during the war, and evaluate the success or failure of these efforts.

Explain the role of World War II as a catalyst for social change.

Explain the origins of the Cold War. (E)

Describe the challenges involved with the enforcement of desegregation directives in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954). (E)

Discuss key economic and social changes in post-World War II American life, including the Second Red Scare and its effects on American culture.

Explain the efforts of groups of African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and women to assert their social and civic rights in the years following World War II. (E)

Evaluate various methods and philosophies (e.g., Martin Luther King, Jr., the Black Panthers, and Malcolm X) to bring about social justice during the Civil Rights Movement.

Assess the social and economic programs of the Kennedy-Johnson era, including policies and legal rulings.

Describe developing trends in science and technology, and explain how they impacted the lives of Americans during the period 1960 to 1980.

Identify and analyze the significance of key decisions of the Warren Court.

Identify the problems confronting different minorities during this period of economic and social change, and describe the solutions to these problems. (E)

Explain and analyze changing relations between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1960 to 1980. (E)

Explain and analyze U.S. foreign policy with regard to Africa, the Middle East, and China during the 1960s and 1970s.

Explain the constitutional, political, and cultural significance of the Watergate Scandal and the United States Supreme Court decision of United States v. Nixon.

Explain the significance of social, economic, and political issues during the period 1980 to the present and how these issues affected individuals and organizations. (E)

Describe developing trends in science and technology, and explain how they impact the lives of Americans today, including NASA and space programs, identification of DNA, the Internet, global climate change, and U.S. energy policy.

Explain how and why the Cold War came to an end and identify new obstacles to U.S. leadership in the world. (E)

Explain the background and effects of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on U.S. foreign and domestic policy. (E)

Analyze the impact of globalization on U.S. culture and U.S. economic, political, and foreign policy, including the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Explain the causes and consequences of deindustrialization in the United States after 1970.

Explain the origins of legislation which began to unravel the work of the New Deal and the Great Society, including reforms in the areas of welfare, public housing, Social Security, and labor. (E)

Assess the decisions of the John Roberts Court, especially those which addressed the contests among individual citizens, workers, and corporations.

Reflect on the role of media and social media in the democratic process. (E)

Classical Civilizations: 1000 BCE to 600 CE

Major Civilizations and Cultural Interactions: 600 to 1300 CE

Revolutions, Nationalism, and Imperial Power: 1500 CE to 1900 CE

The Rise of Western Civilization and Global Interactions: 1300 CE to 1750 CE

Historical Thinking

An Era of Global Conflicts, Challenges, Controversies, and Changes: 1900 CE to Present

Ancient Cultures and Civilizations: 8000 BCE to 600 BCE

Describe and evaluate social, cultural, and economic changes of small agriculture communities which led to the development of large agricultural settlements, such as the movement from hunting and gathering societies to civilization.

Identify the key components that make up a civilization and the key differences between civilizations and how people organize themselves outside of civilizations.

Review the key elements of the development of early river valley civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and Shang China.

Examine the development and characteristics of early empires, such as Assyria, Persia, Israel, Minoan, and Zhou.

Review the development and fundamental beliefs of major world religions and philosophies, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Trace the developments and achievements of the Qin and Han Dynasties.

Examine the development of Judaism and the civilization of Ancient Israel, including the origins of monotheism, the significance of the Exodus from Egypt, the Hebrew Bible and the Ten Commandments as the source of many moral and ethical traditions of Western civilization.

Examine the development of Greek civilization, including differing political and social structures, as well as conflicts such as the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.

Trace the changes that culminated in the end of the Republic and the formation of the Roman Empire.

Analyze the causes, conditions, and consequences of the decline and fall of the western part of the Roman Empire.

Examine the significant achievements of the Greeks and Romans and their impact on the modern world.

Examine the origins and major achievements of civilizations in India, such as the Mauryan and Gupta empires.

Compare and contrast the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism on civilization in India and Buddhism's diffusion throughout Asia.

Compare and contrast the influence of Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism on East Asian civilizations.

Analyze the impact of trade networks, such as the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade network.

Examine the origins, rise, and spread of Islam, including the life of Muhammad, Islam's division into the Sunnis and Shiites, and Islam's early impact on West Asia, Europe, and North Africa.

Trace the spread of Islam and its impact throughout Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and Asia.

Explain the role of Christianity as a unifying force in medieval Europe.

Explain the cultural, political, economic, and religious causes of the Crusades and their consequences for Europe and Southwest Asia, including the growth in power of the monarchies in Europe.

Examine the key achievements of civilizations in Africa prior to European contact.

Compare and contrast the developments and achievements of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations.

Describe and explain the rise, expansion, and decline of the Mongol Empire and its influences on the early Russian Empire.

Examine the development of feudalism in Japan and its impact on Japanese society and government.

Trace the origins and developments of the European Renaissance and its impact throughout Western Europe.

Analyze the factors that led to the rise and spread of the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Counter-Reformation, as well as reforming movements in other religions, including the wars of religion.

Discuss the emergence of nation-states as well as the increased impact of the citizen as a result of the decline of the European medieval period.

Explain consequences of the conquests and colonization as a result of the worldwide voyages of exploration, including the transatlantic slave trade, Columbian Exchange, and the effects on native populations in the Americas.

Explain the key developments of the Scientific Revolution and its impact on the world.

Explain the key ideas of the Enlightenment in European history, and describe its impact upon political and religious thought and culture in Europe and the Americas, including the foundation of American government.

Examine the key causes, events, and consequences of the French Revolution including the rise and fall of Napoleon.

Examine the economic, social, and political changes caused by the Industrial Revolution and their impact on the development of political and economic theories.

Analyze the causes and consequences of European imperialism upon the indigenous peoples of Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

Identify and explain the impact of nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances on relationships between states.

Describe and analyze the global expansion of democracy and globalization in the late 20th century.

Investigate current global issues, such as terrorism, genocide, and environmental issues.

Trace major events and global consequences of World War I.

Explain the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and the establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Identify the causes (i.e., social, political, militaristic, and economic) and key events of World War II, and analyze the impact this war had on the global community.

Examine the causes, course, and effects of the Holocaust, including accounts of camp inmates, survivors, liberators, and perpetrators, and summarize world responses, including the Nuremberg Trials.

Explain the causes and consequences of the Cold War, and describe the role it played in ethnic or nationalistic conflicts in various parts of the world.

Describe the paths to decolonization and independence from colonial rule in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Explain the origins of the modern State of Israel and the ongoing conflict with Palestine and the Arab World.

Trace the rise of communism in China including its foundations, the Cultural Revolution, and modern day developments.

Identify patterns of historical change and duration, and construct a representation that illustrates continuity and change.

Locate and analyze primary and secondary sources related to an event or issue of the past.

Investigate and interpret multiple causations in analyzing historical actions, and analyze cause-and-effect relationships.

Explain issues and problems of the past by analyzing various interests and viewpoints of the participants involved.

Use technology and historical data in the process of conducting and presenting historical research.

Formulate and present a position or course of action on an issue by examining the underlying factors contributing to that issue, and support that position.